What is it?
Gum disease develops because of bacterial plaque that builds up around the teeth. In the first stage only the gum is inflamed; this is called gingivitis. At this stage the gum becomes red and swollen and may bleed when brushing.
If left untreated, the inflammation can spread to the bone and connective tissue around the tooth. This is called periodontitis. In periodontitis, pockets form between the tooth and the gum, and gum recession and loose teeth may be seen. Gum treatment aims to stop this process and preserve the supporting tissues.
Who may it suit?
A gum examination is recommended if you have any of the following signs:
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums, teeth that look longer
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Pus between the tooth and the gum
Smoking, diabetes, pregnancy and some medicines can increase the risk of gum disease. Because smokers may bleed less, the disease can be noticed late.
How does the process work?
- Examination and measurement. The gum pockets are measured and bone support is assessed with X-rays.
- Scaling. Tartar and plaque on the visible surfaces are removed.
- Root surface cleaning. Deposits below the gum line are cleaned under local anaesthesia and the root surfaces are smoothed.
- Review. Healing of the gums is assessed a few weeks later.
- Further treatment if needed. Surgical treatment may be planned for deep pockets.
- Regular follow-up. Check-ups and cleanings are carried out at set intervals to prevent the disease from returning.
Frequently asked questions
Is it normal for gums to bleed?
Healthy gums do not usually bleed when brushing. Regular bleeding is the most common sign of gum inflammation.
Can gum disease be cured completely?
Early gum inflammation can be reversed with proper cleaning and home care. Bone lost in advanced disease does not usually grow back on its own; the aim of treatment is to stop it progressing.
Will my teeth be sensitive after treatment?
After root surface cleaning, the teeth may be sensitive to hot and cold for a while. As the gums heal, the spaces between the teeth may become more visible.
What should I do at home?
Brushing twice a day, cleaning between the teeth with floss or interdental brushes, and attending check-ups at the intervals your dentist recommends are the basis of maintaining the treatment.
Whether it is suitable for you is determined by an examination.