Healthy gums do not bleed when brushing or flossing. Bleeding is often the first sign of gum inflammation (gingivitis).
Why do gums bleed?
Bacterial plaque that builds up on the teeth and along the gum line causes inflammation of the gums. Inflamed gums become red and swollen and bleed with light contact. Over time plaque hardens into tartar, which cannot be removed with a toothbrush.
Pregnancy, some medicines, diabetes and smoking can also affect gum health. In smokers, bleeding may be less visible even when the gums are inflamed.
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Gingivitis affects only the gums and can be reversed with proper cleaning and care. If left untreated, the inflammation can spread to the bone around the tooth; this is called periodontitis. In periodontitis, receding gums, gum pockets, bad breath and, in advanced stages, loose teeth may be seen.
What can be done?
- Do not stop brushing because of bleeding; clean along the gum line with a soft brush.
- Clean between your teeth every day with floss or interdental brushes.
- If bleeding lasts more than two weeks, or if you have swollen or receding gums or loose teeth, see a dentist.
The cause of bleeding gums and the treatment needed are determined by an examination.